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Identifying and Responding to Asset Price Bubbles
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This
paper explores the question of whether financial regulatory
institutions can identify an asset price bubble, such as the recent
housing bubble. It concludes that bubbles can be relatively easy to
identify. Specifically, one can identify an asset price bubble when one observes:
- asset-price growth that exceeds growth of the overall price level,
- asset-price growth that exceeds income growth and
- when the asset price growth is not matched by increasing scarcity of the asset.
This paper also shows that a long period of low real mortgage interest rates allowed the recent housing bubble to occur.
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research should explore the question of how financial regulatory
institutions should respond to a bubble once identified. Since low real
mortgage interest rates were responsible for the bubble and the Federal
Reserve was unwilling to act, bank regulators should have sought
authority to restrict bank lending for home purchases and refinancing. Had
bank regulators had such authority and exercised it, real mortgage
interest rates would have risen and the quantity of loans demanded
would have shrunk, thus "popping the bubble."
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